Fig. 8. Calibration of breakthrough curve to estimate values for the DCM with bottom free-drainage conditions and various injection rates (1 and 10% of saturated flow rates). Free-drainage condition (top), free-drainage condition with 100 times higher matrix permeability at fracture–matrix connections (bottom). Closed symbols are data from the DFNM, open symbols with dashed line are from the DCM with = 0, and solid lines are the calibrations to estimated values.