Fig. 11. Illustrations of observed preferential flow pathways at the Shale Hills Catchment: (A) subsurface lateral flow occurred as seepage at the interface between the A and B horizons in the Blairton soil pit during Hurricane Ivan vs. when the soil was dry and (B) macropore bubbling seepage that occurred as uplifting at the beginning of the perennial stream in the catchment (near the sediment fence). These two preferential flow pathways were particularly prominent during storm events (e.g., Hurricane Francis and Ivan in September 2004). See Fig. 2 regarding the locations of these two sites within the catchment.