FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of the constructed lysimeters without the insulation or the stainless steel frame. The instrumentation levels are indicated in red, with a top view of the polymer tensiometer (POT) and time domain reflectometer (TDR) layout as installed at each level. Note the L-shaped layout of the TDR probes in the top view. The maize seeds (light gray) were sown at 0.05-m depth, in such a way that all seeds had equal areas of soil (0.1166 m²).