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REVIEWS AND ANALYSES

Research Activities at U.S. Government Agencies in Subsurface Reactive Transport Modeling

^a Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM 87185-0754
^b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA 30605
^c U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK 74820
^d Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA 99352
^e U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tifton, GA 31793
^f U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
^g U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025
^h U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC 20555-0001
ⁱ Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228-0510
^* Corresponding author (rtcygan{at}sandia.gov)

Received 3 July 2006.

The fate of contaminants in the environment is controlled by both chemical reactions and transport phenomena in the subsurface. Our ability to understand the significance of these processes over time requires an accurate conceptual model that incorporates the various mechanisms of coupled chemical and physical processes. Adsorption, desorption, ion exchange, precipitation, dissolution, growth, solid solution, redox, microbial activity, and other processes are often incorporated into reactive transport models for the prediction of contaminant fate and transport. U.S. federal agencies use such models to evaluate contaminant transport and provide guidance to decision makers and regulators for treatment issues. We provide summaries of selected research projects and programs to demonstrate the level of activity in various applications and to present examples of recent advances in subsurface reactive transport modeling.

Abbreviations: ARS, Agricultural Research Service • BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene • CNWRA, Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses • DCE, dichloroethylene • DO, dissolved oxygen • DST, Drift Scale Test • EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid • EM, Office of Environmental Management • EMSP, Environmental Management Science Program • ERD, Ecosystems Research Division • ERDC, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center • ERSP, Environmental Remediation Science Program • GMS, Groundwater Modeling System • HE, high explosive • INL, Idaho National Laboratory • ISCMEM, Interagency Steering Committee on Multimedia Environmental Models • LBNL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory • LLNL, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory • NABIR, Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research • NTS, Nevada Test Site • OBER, Office of Biological and Environmental Research • ORNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory • OST, Office of Science and Technology • PNNL, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • RWMC, Radioactive Waste Management Complex • SCM, surface complexation model • TCE, trichlorethylene • USACE, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • USDOA, U.S. Department of the Army • USDOD, U.S. Department of Defense • USNRC, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission • WIPP, Waste Isolation Pilot Plant