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Unstable Flow during Redistribution in Homogeneous Soil

^a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740
^b Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Drying loop of the water characteristic curve. Circles are data points and curve is best fit of Eq. [3].

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Photographs of the wetting front taken at different times (a–f) during redistribution in dry sand and (g–l) during second cycle of redistribution with fingers in the sand. The redistribution time is indexed from t = 0, defined as the moment when ponded water first disappeared from the sand surface.

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Wetting front patterns (a–f) during the third cycle of redistribution with fingers in the sand and (g–l) during the fourth cycle of redistribution with diffused fingers in the sand.

View larger version (181K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Superposition of the draining front 16 min into the third cycle (blue), and 18 minutes into the fourth cycle conducted 28 d later in the same column. (red)

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Wetting front patterns (a–f) during ponded infiltration with fingers in the sand and (g–l) during redistribution in the sand with very high moisture contents.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Wetting front speed during ponded infiltration (Exp. 5) and redistribution in other experiments.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Three-dimensional fingers formed in a 10-cm cylindrical column with different depths of water application: (A) 3 cm, (B) 5 cm. The boxes under the columns show the respective lower boundary conditions and the collected drainage effluent.