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Soil Aggregate Structure Effects on Dielectric Permittivity of an Andisol Measured by Time Domain Reflectometry

^a National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Nishigoshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
^b Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
^c Biotron Institute, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Typical relationship between volumetric water content and dielectric permittivity for Andisol.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The relationships between volumetric water content and dielectric permittivity for aggregate soils and crushed soils. The particle sizes are (a) 1.0–2.0 mm, (b) 0.5–1.0 mm, (c) 0.25–0.5 mm, and (d) 0.1–0.25 mm. The results calculated using a dielectric mixing model with three different conditions are also shown. Inset shows the linear regression lines (solid lines) and their 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The relationship between volumetric water content and dielectric permittivity for aggregate soil with a size <0.1 mm in diameter.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The relationships between volumetric water content and gradient of for for aggregate soils. d/d of Topp's equation is also shown as a reference.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured and estimated retention curves for aggregate soils using bimodal van Genuchten models proposed by Durner (1994). Bars represent the standard error.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Estimated pore-size distributions for aggregate soils using the bimodal van Genuchten model proposed by Durner (1994).

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Schematic diagram representing water distribution in aggregate soil depending on saturation degree.