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Flexible Time Domain Reflectometry Probe for Deep Vadose Zone Monitoring

^a Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, and The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Dep. of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
^b Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV
^c Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV

View larger version (68K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the experimental concept and field setup.

View larger version (140K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Flexible sleeve with multilevel flexible TDR waveguides in a sloping borehole.

View larger version (140K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The flexible TDR probe in the borehole revealed by excavation of the probe from the ground. The picture demonstrates the attachment of the flexible TDR waveguides to the irregular shape of the borehole walls.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time domain reflectometry waveform retrieved by cable tester from the flexible probes system for two volumetric water contents measured in clay loam.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Calibration results for flexible waveguides TDR system operated by cable tester.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. TDR reading of evenly mixed soil of different water contents by flexible TDR waveguide vs. standard TDR probe.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Volumetric water content as measured by the multilevel flexible TDR waveguides in four different depths. It clearly shows the effect of three irrigation flood events on the water content of the entire vadose zone.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Calibration curve for flexible waveguides operated by Campbell CS505 system.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Volumetric water content variation as was measured by Flexible TDR system using a Campbell Scientific CS505 instrument in four depths at Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona.