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Moisture Characteristics of Hanford Gravels

Bulk, Grain-Surface, and Intragranular Components

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720

View larger version (72K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Some possible combinations of intragranular porosity and grain surface roughness, illustrated as cross sections through grains.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Water vapor adsorption and desorption isotherms for 2- and 6-mm Hanford gravels, and for 2- and 9-mm quartz gravels.

View larger version (84K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Geometry of pendular ring surface at a grain–grain contact. At low water contents r1 << r2, so that r-11 >> r-12.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) plots for estimating gravel surface areas from water vapor adsorption. Surface areas determined by N2 and Kr adsorption are shown for comparison.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Moisture retention in 2- and 6-mm Hanford gravels, for a wide range of matric (water) potentials. Measurement methods used are indicated along the x axis as vapor pressure regulation (a), pressure plate (b), and suction plate (c). The vapor pressure equilibration region data were obtained in adsorption mode. The suction plate and pressure plate data were obtained in drainage mode.

View larger version (96K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Photographs of Hanford formation basalt gravel (a) external surface, and (b) cross section (300-µm-thick, polished slice). Note that vesicles appear as isolated circular voids in the interior region and are pits when exposed at external surfaces.

View larger version (99K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of a Hanford gravel surface.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Laser profiles of Hanford gravel grain surfaces (rmsr = root mean-squared roughness).

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Representative atomic force microscope (AFM) images of Hanford gravel grain surfaces.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe measurements of draining and wetting film moisture characteristics at three different locations (a, b, c). The spot size is about 500 by 500 µm.