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Measuring Spectral Dielectric Properties Using Gated Time Domain Transmission Measurements

^a Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721
^b Sheffield Centre for Earth Observation Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, England

View larger version (81K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Photograph of the measurement setup.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Complex components of the dielectric permittivity as a function of frequency for water before the application of the gate compared with published data (Sato et al., 1999).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Magnitude of the complex transmission coefficient before application of the gate in the time domain for air and water. The dark shaded area indicates the region accepted by the gate for water and the light shaded area that for air.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Lower and upper limits of the frequency range where calculations of the complex dielectric permittivity are valid as a function of gate width. The vertical lines represent the gate widths used in the current study.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The left-hand column shows the time domain spectrum of water and air before application of the gate for a column of water of increasing height. The dark shaded area indicates the region accepted by the gate for water and the light shaded area that for air. The right-hand column shows the complex components of the dielectric permittivity of water as a function of frequency before and after the application of the gate compared with published values denoted S99 (Sato et al., 1999) for a column of water of increasing height.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The left-hand column shows the time domain spectrum before the application of the gate for dry sand, saturated sand, and ethanol. The dark shaded area indicates the region accepted by the gate for the substance under test and the light shaded area that for air. The right-hand column shows the complex components of the dielectric permittivity of water as a function of frequency before and after the application of the gate compared with published values for dry sand, saturated sand, and ethanol.