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Multi-Functional Heat Pulse Probe for the Simultaneous Measurement of Soil Water Content, Solute Concentration, and Heat Transport Parameters

^a Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
^b Hydrology, Dep. of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
^c Geological Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
^d Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Design of multi-functional heat pulse probe (MFHPP).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Experimentally determined temperature dependency of specific heat of the Tottori sand.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Comparison of measured with optimized matric head and cumulative outflow for the 0.06 M solution.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Optimized soil hydraulic functions. The symbols correspond with measured soil water retention data at the hydraulic equilibrium stages of Fig. 3, using the multi-functional heat pulse probe (MFHPP) and tensiometer data.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Calibration of the Wenner array of the multi-functional heat pulse probe (MFHPP) for the Tottori Dune sand.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Measured and optimized temperature response for the estimation of reff in agar solution.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Thermal responses at various soil water content values for the Tottori sand.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Estimated average soil thermal properties for the three solution concentrations compared with independent data.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Comparison of measurements with multi-functional heat pulse probe (MFHPP) and gravimetric method. Solid circles indicate glass jar experiments; open circles denote the multistep outflow experiments.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Variation of with height in flow cell as determined from gravimetric (open symbols), SFOPT simulations (solid and dashed lines), and MFHPP data (solid circles) for the indicated suction values.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Comparison of measured (multi-functional heat pulse probe [MFHPP]) with simulated water flux (SFOPT) values in the center of the flow cell for various multistep outflow experiments.