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Use of the Dual-Probe Heat-Pulse Technique to Monitor Soil Water Content in the Vadose Zone

^a USDA-ARS, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, MN 55108
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^c Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Calibrated needle spacing vs. maximum temperature increase for one dual-probe heat-pulse sensor in agar-stabilized water at 2 and 6 g L-1. The symbol is the mean of 10 measurements, and the error bars represent 1 SD in each direction.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Daily average of water content measured by the dual-probe heat-pulse sensors along with the daily rainfall totals for the measurement periods in (A) 2001 and (B) 2002.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. 2002 time series of water content measured by dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) sensors and by soil sampling at (A) the 7.5-cm depth and (B) the 37.5-cm depth.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. One-to-one comparison of water content measured by dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) sensors and by soil sampling at (A) the 7.5-cm depth and (B) the 37.5-cm depth. Symbols represent the mean of 12 measurements. Error bars represent 1 SD in each direction. The open symbols identify the questionable soil sampling data discussed in the text.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. 2002 time series of water content measured by dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) sensors after application of matching point procedure and by soil sampling at (A) the 7.5-cm depth and (B) the 37.5-cm depth.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. One-to-one comparison of water content measured by dual-probe heat-pulse (DPHP) sensors after application of matching point procedure and by soil sampling at (A) the 7.5-cm depth and (B) the 37.5-cm depth. Symbols represent the mean of 12 measurements. Error bars represent 1 SD in each direction.