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Spatial Variability of Groundwater Recharge and its Effect on Shallow Groundwater Quality in Southern New Jersey

^a U.S. Geological Survey, 413 National Center, Reston, VA 20192
^b U.S. Geological Survey, West Trenton, NJ

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Glassboro, NJ study area and outcrop of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer.

View larger version (61K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soil coring locations, recharge estimates, and percentage clay in the Glassboro, NJ study area. Percentage clay is from the USDA Soil Survey Geographic database.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Omnidirectional, experimental variograms of binary recharge indicators for all cut-offs and (b) anisotropic, spherical variogram models corresponding to the 60th percentile cut-off (36.5 cm yr-1).

View larger version (82K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Predicted probability of exceeding median recharge (29.1 cm yr-1) in the Glassboro, NJ study area. Conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) in Fig. 5 were developed for the two locations shown.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Conditional cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) corresponding to low and high recharge locations in the Glassboro, NJ study area. The recharge locations corresponding to the CCDFs are shown in Fig. 4.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relation between NO3 concentration and estimated recharge in the Glassboro, NJ study area (middle 50% of recharge estimates is shown).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Distributions of (a, b) NO3 and (c, d) atrazine concentrations in relation to land-use and recharge categories (excludes undeveloped lands). ANOVA p values are based on ranked concentrations.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Geographic information system overlay of land use and areas with high recharge probability (likely >29.1 cm yr-1) in the Glassboro, NJ study area.

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Distribution of urban wells with and without (validation) recharge estimates in relation to indicator kriging standard deviations associated with kriged map of median recharge indicators.