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A Modeling Study of Flow Diversion and Focusing in Unsaturated Fractured Rocks

Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plane view of the unsaturated zone model domain, showing the model boundary, the potential repository outline, major fault locations from Geological Framework Model (GFM) 3.1, the paths of two underground tunnels—the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) and Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB), selected boreholes, and the location of cross sections used in the capillary barrier modeling studies described in this paper.

View larger version (67K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Map of net infiltration at the surface (present day, mean infiltration).

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Geological profile along a cross section through Borehole UZ-14, taken at a Northing coordinate of 235087 m (figure does not extend to the water table).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Geological profile along north–south cross section, taken at an Easting coordinate of 170600 m (figure does not extend to the water table).

View larger version (93K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Plane view of the three-dimensional site-scale grid (more than 1 million grid cells).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Calculated effective hydraulic conductivity of the UZ-14 profile corresponding to an infiltration rate of (a) 5 mm yr–1 and (b) 1000 mm yr–1, respectively. The three most critical rock layer contacts are labeled.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Simulated downward water flux at two different elevations corresponding to the current, mean infiltration rate: (a) net infiltration at surface, (b) at repository level, and (c) at water table level. (d) Plane view of the three-dimensional grid used.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Water saturation at three boreholes simulated by TOUGH2 (three-dimensional site-scale model) and measured by USGS, respectively: (a) SD-7, (b) SD-9, and (c) UZ-14.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Comparison of pressure head profiles in the PTn23 layer (overlaying the PTn24 layer), calculated using the analytical and numerical solutions.