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Acoustic Tomography Applied to Water Flow in Unsaturated Soils

^a Institute of Geography of the University of Bern, Hallerstr.12, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
^b Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science, Sidlerstr. 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental set-up of acoustic tomography and rainfall simulator.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic view of a transducer.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Mounting rack, (b) transducer rack, and (c) guide rail.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Exiting pulse (gray) which drove the source transducer to emit an acoustical signal and a typical acoustic signal received (black) with the transducer.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Configuration of the 25 grids and 31 ray paths.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. TDR(t) measured with TDR probe during Runs 1 and 2.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Contour plots which show the acoustic velocity variation 20 min after the first (left panel) and second infiltration (right panel).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Calibration of the water content. The maximum and minimum acoustic grid velocities (G14 and G23) as well as the acoustic grid velocities of G2, G15, G17, and G24 are represented.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. (t) of G2: (a, b) Run 1 and (c, d) Run 2. Both runs are examples of Class 1.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. (t) of G15: (a, b) Run 1, which is an example of Class 2, and (c, d) Run 2, which is an example of Class 1.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. (t) of G17: (a, b) Run 1 and (c, d) Run 2. Both runs are examples of Class 3.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. (t) of G24: (a, b) Run 1, which is an example of Class 3, and (c, d) Run 2, which is an example of Class 1.