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An Integrative Approach for Monitoring Water Movement in the Vadose Zone

^a Burgess & Niple, 5025 E. Washington St., Phoenix, AZ 85034
^b Dep. of Hydrology and Water Resour., John W. Harshbarger Bldg., The Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) The mean moisture content distribution simulated using homogeneous hydraulic parameters; (b) the true moisture content distribution simulated using heterogeneous hydraulic parameters.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Generated random field for ln0; (b) generated random field for lnm.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) True moisture content distribution; (b) estimated moisture content distribution assuming moisture content has a geometric mean and exponential covariance function; (c) estimated moisture content distribution assuming moisture content has a true mean and exponential covariance function; (d) estimated moisture content distribution assuming a true mean and computed covariance function. Circles indicate current source locations, triangles indicate voltage measurement locations, and squares indicate the moisture content measurement location.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Scatter plot corresponding to Fig. 3b; (b) scatter plot corresponding to Fig. 3c; (c) scatter plot corresponding to Fig. 3d.

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Generated lnKs field; (b) generated ln field; (c) generated lnß field; (d) true moisture content field at t = 1000 min.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (a) Generated true ln0 field; (b) generated true lnm field.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. (a) True ln from 1000 to 5000 min; (b) estimated ln from 1000 to 50000 min.

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. (a) True moisture content at t = 50000 min; (b) estimated at t = 50000 min without measurements; (c) estimated at t = 50000 min with 20 measurements. (d) Schematic diagram for three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography experiments. Top center square indicates the infiltration area, right triangles indicate voltage measurement locations, circles show current source locations, and squares show the locations of 20 measurements. (e) The scatter plot corresponding to (b); (f) the scatter plot corresponding to (c).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. (a) Conditional variance when no measurements are used at t = 50000 min; (b) conditional variance when 20 measurements are used at t = 50000 min. Circles indicate measurement locations.