HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (10) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hansson, K. Articles by van Genuchten, M. Th. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Hansson, K. Articles by van Genuchten, M. Th. GeoRef GeoRef Citation Agricola Articles by Hansson, K. Articles by van Genuchten, M. Th. Related Collections Heat Transport Numerical Solutions Coupled Flow/Transport Models

Water Flow and Heat Transport in Frozen Soil

Numerical Solution and Freeze–Thaw Applications

Klas Hansson^*,a, Jirka imnek^b, Masaru Mizoguchi^c, Lars-Christer Lundin^a and Martinus Th. van Genuchten^d

^a Dep. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden
^b Dep. of Environmental Science, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA
^c Dep. of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
^d George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Apparent volumetric heat capacity, Ca (J m–3 K–1), for three soil textural classes (sand, loam, and silty clay) as compiled by Carsel and Parrish (1988).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured thermal conductivity, 0, of Kanagawa sandy loam soil (symbols) as a function of temperature and water content (Mizoguchi, 1990), as well as its parameterizations used in numerical simulations (lines) using Eq. [15]. The upper graph shows the thermal conductivity for frozen conditions at total volumetric water contents of 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40, and the lower graph the thermal conductivity of unfrozen soil at various water contents.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Measured hydraulic properties of Kanagawa sandy loam (circles) and the fitted analytical model of van Genuchten (1980). The dotted vertical lines represent pressure heads corresponding with the highest and lowest temperatures used in the experiment, and thus specify the experimental interval of interest.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Simulated and measured values of the total volumetric water content 0, 12, 24, and 50 h after freezing started. The simulated values were averaged over 1-cm intervals. |tot|-error represents the mean absolute difference between simulated and measured water contents.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Simulated (symbols) and measured values (horizontal bars) of the total volumetric water content 0, 12, 24, and 50 h after freezing started. A variable convective heat transfer coefficient, hc, was used for the first simulation, and a heat leakage bottom boundary for the second. Simulated values were averaged over 1-cm intervals.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Temperature data used as the upper boundary condition, and simulated –4, –1, –0.3, 0, 1, and 4°C isotherms for a hypothetical highway 40 km north of Luleå in northern Sweden.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Simulated water content (top) and temperature (bottom) distributions for a hypothetical highway 40 km north of Luleå in northern Sweden.