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Modeling Coupled Evaporation and Seepage in Ventilated Cavities

^a Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, MS 90R1116, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720-8126
^b LFR Levine Fricke, Costa Mesa, CA

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic description of (a) air velocity and (b) vapor concentration profiles above a free water surface.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Evaporating surface area of a porous medium: (a) partitioning of the surface into nonevaporating solid and evaporating pores; (b) proposed approach of uniform liquid-phase surface. The dark shading denotes vapor in pores and/or fractures.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Schematic alignment of cavities and boreholes: (a) part of the enhanced characterization of the repository block (ECRB) Cross Drift; (b) liquid release test setup in the Cross Drift, including liquid release intervals and liquid injection and seepage collection equipment; and (c) vertical section of Niche 5 along with location of all the test boreholes.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Schematic description of the overlapping seepage and evaporation gridblocks and the respective connections with the gridblock that represents the cavity wall.

View larger version (87K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Numerical meshes of (a) Niche 5 with Borehole 4, (b) Niche 5 with Borehole 5, and (c) the Cross Drift, along with a typical realization of the correlated stochastic permeability field. Bold black lines denote the liquid-release boreholes; the white section in the middle of the boreholes is the injection interval.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Temperature, humidity, and evaporation rate data, along with model fit of the evaporation data for inside and outside of Niche 5.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Calibration of seepage-rate data from liquid-release tests conducted in Niche 5. Calculated seepage rate curves show only one of the multiple inversions.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of high relative humidity on evaporation and seepage rates.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Calibration of seepage-rate data from liquid-release tests conducted in the Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB) cross drift. Calculated seepage rate curves show only one of the multiple inversions.

View larger version (84K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Liquid saturation distribution simulated with model calibrated against seepage-rate data from liquid-release tests conducted in the Cross Drift Borehole LA#2, Zone 2 on Days 296, 306, 316, and 326. Note the correlation of cavity wall wetness to cavity relative humidity.