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Vadose Zone Remediation of Carbon Dioxide Leakage from Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Sites

Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720

View larger version (76K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Conceptual diagram of potential leakage and seepage pathways and processes.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Initial conditions shown by CO2 gas mass fraction shaded contours, white liquid saturation contours, and gas velocity. Maximum vector represents 8.5 x 10–6 m s–1 (7.3 x 10–1 m d–1).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Scenario 1: CO2 plume after 10 yr of natural attenuation without barometric pumping. Maximum vector represents 4.1 x 10–8 m s–1 (3.5 x 10–3 m d–1).

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Scenario 2: CO2 plume (CO2 gas mass fraction) after 10 yr of natural attenuation with barometric pumping. Maximum vector represents 8.0 x 10–7 m s–1 (6.9 x 10–2 m d–1).

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Scenario 3: CO2 plume (CO2 gas mass fraction) after 10 yr of pumping. Maximum vector represents 4.5 x 10–4 m s–1 (39 m d–1).

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Scenario 4: CO2 plume after 10 yr of pumping with a cover. Maximum vector represents 4.5 x 10–4 m s–1 (39 m d–1).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Half-life for different vadose zone thicknesses and scenarios.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Scenario 5: CO2 plume after 10 yr of pumping. Maximum vector represents 3.0 x 10–5 m s–1 (2.6 m d–1).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Scenario 6: CO2 plume after 10 yr of pumping. Maximum vector represents 3.0 x 10–5 m s–1 (2.6 m d–1).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Three-dimensional conceptual model showing horizontal and vertical wells.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Carbon dioxide plume after 10 yr of extraction with the vertical wells.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Carbon dioxide plume after 10 yr of extraction with the horizontal well only.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Carbon dioxide plume after 10 yr of extraction with both the horizontal and vertical wells.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. X–Y cross section of Fig. 13. From upper to lower panel, Z = 6, 15, 25, and 35 m, respectively.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 15. X–Z cross section of Fig. 13. From upper to lower panel, Y = 0, 120, and 160 m, respectively.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 16. Remaining CO2 vs. time for different scenarios. The solid horizontal line indicates half-life time.