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Review of Field Methods for the Determination of the Tortuosity and Effective Gas-Phase Diffusivity in the Vadose Zone

^a Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), ENAC-ISTE-LPE, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
^b University of Tuebingen, Center for Applied Geosciences, Sigwartstr. 11, Tuebingen
^c Currently, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Cassie Bldg., Rm. B3.14, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

View larger version (63K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the various methods.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ratios of effective and molecular diffusion coefficients determined in the field with one of the described methods as a function of the air-filled porosity of the soils. Data were obtained with the surface chamber method (circles), single-well methods (diamonds), and an inter-well method (triangles). Values were determined in various soil types ranging from loam to sand, near the surface and in the shallow and deep vadose zone.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Ratios of effective and molecular diffusion coefficients as determined in the field and in the laboratory on undisturbed soil cores from the same location. Data from Rolston et al. (1991), Jellick and Schnabel (1986), and Ball et al. (1994). (B) Ratios of effective and molecular diffusion coefficients as determined in the field and as estimated from soil porosity data according to Moldrup et al. (2000). Data were obtained with the surface chamber method (circles), single-well methods (diamonds), and an inter-well method (triangles).