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Inverse Mobile–Immobile Modeling of Transport During Transient Flow

Effects of Between-Domain Transfer and Initial Water Content

J. Maximilian Köhne^a,b,*, Sigrid Köhne^a,b, Binayak P. Mohanty^a and Jirka imnek^c

^a Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, Scoates Hall, College Station, TX 77843-2117
^b 1912 Vinewood, Bryan, TX 77802
^c University of California, Riverside, Dep. of Environmental Sciences, 900 University Avenue, A135 Bourns Hall, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Water flow data and simulation results obtained with MIM(Se) and MIM(h) for the initially wet columns Ap1 (left) and Ap2 (right). (a, b) Water contents, (c, d) pressure heads in the mobile region at depths of 2.8 cm and (e, f) 12.8 cm, and (g, h) the cumulative outflow.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Same as Fig. 1, but with detail for the third irrigation event only.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Water flow data and simulation results obtained with MIM(Se) and MIM(h) for the initially medium wet columns Ap3 (left) and Ap4 (right). (a, b) Water contents, (c, d) pressure heads in the mobile region at the 2.8-cm depth, and (e, f) the cumulative outflow.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Water flow data and simulation results obtained with MIM(Se) and MIM(h) for the initially dry columns Ap5 (left) and Ap6 (right). (a, b) Water contents, (c, d) pressure heads in the mobile region at the 2.8-cm depth, and (e, f) the cumulative outflow.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Measured water retention and (b) hydraulic conductivity data and bimodal Durner (1993) functions estimated inversely using MIM(Se) and MIM(h) for the Ap1 and Ap2 columns.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relative Br– concentration vs. cumulative outflow: data for all Ap columns and simulation results obtained with MIM(Se) and MIM(h).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Depth profiles at 70 min characterizing water flow for the Ap1, Ap4, and Ap6 columns as simulated with MIM(Se) (top): (a) water saturation and (b) water transfer rate (w), and as simulated with MIM(h) (bottom): (c) pressure heads for Ap6 and (d) for Ap1 and Ap4, and (e) water transfer rate. Symbols: mo, mobile region; im, immobile region.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Depth profiles at 70 min characterizing Br– transport for the Ap1, Ap4, and Ap6 columns as simulated with MIM(Se) (top): (a) Br– concentration in mobile (mo) and (b) immobile (im) region, (c) Br– transfer rate (s), and as simulated with MIM(h) (bottom), (d) Br– concentration in mobile and (e) immobile region, (f) Br– transfer rate (s).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Bromide transfer rate (s) into the immobile (im) region in the 0- to 2-cm depth layer at the end of the Br– application (10 min) for the Ap1, Ap4, and Ap6 columns. Simulation results obtained with (a) MIM(Se) and (b) MIM(h).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Pressure heads for the Ap5 column as simulated with MIM(Se) and MIM(h) assuming different maximum time steps (dtmax) while keeping the space increment (dz) constant at (a, b, c) 0.5 cm and (d, e, f) assuming different space increments while keeping time steps constant at 0.03 d.