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In Situ Long-Term Chloride Transport through a Layered, Nonsaturated Subsoil. 1. Data Set, Interpolation Methodology, and Results

^a Department of Environmental Sciences and Land use Planning, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud, 2 Bte. 2, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
^b Currently, Agrosphere Inst., ICG-IV Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, D-52425 Juelich, Germany

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of the observation well.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Soil profile in the unsaturated zone. Dark gray refers to clay layers, light gray to the first loam layer, and white to sand layers. (Left) Water content distribution and standard variation along the year 1990; (right) the position of porous cup samplers (PCS).

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Chloride concentration time series measured with porous cups at seven depths within the observation well (the x axis is common for all the graphics).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Water flow boundary conditions. (Top) Lake water level; (bottom) aquifer water level. Level 0 corresponds to the lake floor.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Experimental and modeled cross-covariograms.

View larger version (62K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The 1000 co-conditioned stochastic simulations (in blue) representing 1000 equiprobable Cl– concentrations time series. The red crosses stand for the real Cl– concentration time series.

View larger version (101K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Contour plot of the logarithm of the objective function (OF) at Depth 4.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Histogram of optimized longitudinal velocity values for the seven depths, considering that porous cup sampler concentrations are resident. Red triangles represent parameters obtained with the least error among the 1000 simulations; green triangles represent parameters obtained with the simple kriged input time series.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Histogram of optimized longitudinal dispersivity values for the seven depths, considering that porous cup sampler concentrations are resident. Red triangles represent parameters obtained with the least error among the 1000 simulations; green triangles represent parameters obtained with the simple kriged input time series.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Correlogram of the optimized L and L values.

View larger version (63K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Optimal interpolated input time series in green compared with the 1000 input time series generated by stochastic simulation.