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Characterization of Field Tracer Transport Using High-Resolution Images

^a Agrosphere Institute, ICG IV, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
^b Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Spatial arrangement of the four plots in the field. The irrigated areas measured 1.4 by 1.4 m, with photographs taken of the inner square meter, represented by dashed lines. Symbols in the P-90 plot show the 15 sampling locations for Br– in the inner square meter of each cross section.

View larger version (80K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Example of a corrected image (left) with the corresponding calculated concentration distribution of Brilliant Blue (right) for the 0.15-m depth of the P-0 plot.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Depth profiles of dye coverages for the four plots.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Histograms of the dye concentration distribution at three different depths for the P-0 plot. Pixels with zero concentration were not considered. The concentration intervals were 100 and 50 mg kg–1 for z = 0 m, and z = 0.10 and 0.40 m, respectively.

View larger version (77K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Observed isoconcentration plots of Brilliant Blue. The isosurfaces were drawn for a Brilliant Blue concentration of 75 mg L–1 of soil and are all plotted to a depth of 0.7 m. Note that the plots have a surface area of 1 m2.

View larger version (81K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Concentration patterns of Brilliant Blue (1 by 1 m) and omnidirectional experimental correlograms (symbols) for selected depths. The dashed lines represent the fitted correlograms. Values for the integral scale, I, and the dye coverage, dc, are given in the legend for each depth, z. Notice that the concentration scale differs for the various plots and depths.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Plots of integral scale vs. depth.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Concentration distributions of the tracers vs. depth. The total tracer concentration per volume of soil, t, was horizontally averaged and normalized by the total mass of tracer recovered per unit area, m0. Concentration distributions for sampling directly after application are shown for (a) Br– and (b) Brilliant Blue (BB), as well as for sampling after 90 d for (c) Br– and (d) Brilliant Blue. The data for Brilliant Blue represent averaged concentrations of 15 sampling locations corresponding to those where Br– was sampled (local scale).