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Dynamic Water-Entry Pressure for Initially Dry Glass Beads and Sea Sand

Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Photographs of the particle shapes for the materials used in the experiment.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Apparatus for measuring dynamic water-entry pressure.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Initial wetting curves for both materials.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Temporal changes in the cumulative infiltration for several supply water pressures: (a) for the 0.4-mm glass beads (a very slow increase is followed by a rapid increase at supply water pressures less than –2.3 cm) and (b) for the 0.30- to 0.60-mm (30–50 mesh) sea sand (a nearly linear increase in the cumulative infiltration with time).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationships between supply water pressure and initial infiltration rate. The initial infiltration rate is the time averaged rate during the first minute after the sample had contact with the supply water.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Normalized relationship between the supply water pressure and the initial infiltration rate, with the infiltration rate being normalized by the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the medium, and the supply water pressure scaled by the absolute value of the breakthrough pressure as shown in Table 2. Fitted lines are also shown for both materials.

View larger version (79K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Fingered flow formed in the 0.4-mm glass beads and the 0.30- to 0.60-mm (30–50 mesh) sea sand during infiltration for fine-over-coarse layered conditions. Width and height of the layers were about 30 cm.