A Comparison of Models Describing Residual NAPL Formation in the Vadose Zone
M. Oostroma,*,
M. D. Whitea,
R. J. Lenhardb,
P. J. Van Geelc and
T. W. Wietsmad
a Hydrology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 MS K9-33, Richland, WA 99352
b Subsurface Science Initiative, Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2025
c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
d EMSL, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 MS K8-96, Richland, WA 99352

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Fig. 1. Pore-scale distribution of spheres and fluids according to the WVDZ model. After Fig. 2 in Wipfler and van der Zee (2001).
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Fig. 2. The PlPn field for unsaturated conditions with relations for Pnrc (dashed line) and Pnc (dotted line). Adapted from Fig. 3 in Wipfler and van der Zee (2001).
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Fig. 4. Measured and simulated fluid saturations at z = 85 cm for Exp. 1.
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Fig. 5. Measured and simulated fluid saturations at z = 25 cm for Exp. 1.
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Fig. 6. Measured and simulated (a) NAPL and (b) water saturations at the conclusion of Exp. 1.
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Fig. 7. Measured and simulated fluid saturations at z = 75 cm for Exp. 2.
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Fig. 8. Measured and simulated fluid saturations at z = 25 cm for Exp. 2.
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Fig. 9. Measured and simulated (a) NAPL and (b) water saturations at the conclusion of Exp. 2.
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Copyright © 2005 by the Soil Science Society of America.