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Soil Water-Holding Capacity Assessment in Terms of the Average Annual Water Balance in Southern Spain

^a Organic Farming and Natural Resources, CIFA Las Torres-Tomejil, IFAPA, Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla, km 12,2, 41200 Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Córdoba, P.O. Box 3048, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
^c Dep. of Soil Management and Soil Care, Ghent Univ., Coupure 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Locations of the 521 soil profiles and the 160 meteorological observatories.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Quantified lithological map of the soil water-holding capacity, w0. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the calculated w0 values of the soil profiles and the corresponding values on the map is 0.45.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Ordinary and residual variograms for w0, with fitted exponential models. The residual values were calculated as the difference between the 319 pedotransfer function (PTF) estimates of w0 (RO1) and their corresponding values on the map of Fig. 2.

View larger version (74K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Map of w0, produced using simple kriging with local varying means (SKlm) on blocks of 1 x 1 km, with values of the lithological map of Fig. 2 as local varying means.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Budyko diagrams for different values of the soil water-holding capacity, w0. Observe how the water balance results can be adjusted to the empirical Budyko relationship by changing the average w0. The lower right-hand graph compares results for w0 taken from the map in Fig. 4 with those obtained with a single average w0 value, o = 110.5. E = actual evapotranspiration in liters; P = partitioning of the received average annual rainfall in liters.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Influence of the soil water-holding capacity, w0, on the components (evaporation, E, and total runoff, Q) of the average annual water balance in Andalusia, computed with the Milly model at 160 sites. The confidence intervals are within 1 SD. The dashed line represents values according to Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (1998). The E-plot shows a logarithmic fit (Milly and Dunne, 1994) between E and w0. The E/P-plot compares the results obtained with two methods.