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Scaling and Estimation of Evaporation and Transpiration of Water across Soil Textures

USDA-ARS-NPA-GPSR, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. D, #2055, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8119

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plot of simulated evaporation and time for a PE of 0.5 cm d–1.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Log-log relationship of the pore-size distribution index () and computed cumulative Stage I evaporation (CEs1) for the 11 textural-class mean soils for three PE rates.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Plot of the empirical coefficients of Eq. [2] and potential evaporation rates for cumulative Stage I evaporation; and (b) plot of log CEs1 and potential evaporation rates for cumulative Stage I evaporation for representative soils.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (a) Log-log relationship of the pore-size distribution index () and computed cumulative Stage II evaporation (CEs2) for the 11 textural-class mean soils for a PE of 0.5 cm d–1, for various times, t2, ranging from 1 d (bottom curve) to t2 = 7 d (top curve). Cubic equations are fitted to cm data for each day; and (b) log-log relationship of the pore-size distribution index () and computed cumulative Stage II evaporation (CEs2) for the 11 textural-class mean soils for various times, t2, ranging from 8 to 14 d for a PE of 0.5 cm d–1.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Log-log plot of simulated (symbols) and scaled (lines) cumulative Stage II evaporation and time for five representative textural-class mean soils for t2 = 1 to 7 d for a PE of 0.5 cm d–1; and (b) log-log plot of simulated (symbols) and scaled (lines) cumulative Stage II evaporation and time for five representative textural-class mean soils for t2 = 8 to 14 d for a PE of 0.5 cm d–1.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (a) Log-log plot of CE2ie and PE rates for loam for t2 = 1 to 7 d according to Eq. [8a]; and (b) log-log plot of CE2ie and PE rates for loam for t2 = 9 to 14 d according to Eq. [8b].

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Plot of estimated (Method I using a reference soil and Method II) and experimental cumulative evaporation of sandy loam at a potential evaporation rate of 1.0 cm d–1.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Plot of estimated (Method I using a reference soil and Method II) and experimental cumulative evaporation of sandy clay loam at a potential evaporation rate of 1.0 cm d–1.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Plot of estimated (Method I using a reference soil and Method II) and experimental cumulative evaporation of sandy clay at a potential evaporation rate of 1.0 cm d–1.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Log-log relationship of the computed cumulative Stage I transpiration (CT1) and pore-size distribution index () for the 11 textural-class mean soils for PE = 0.5 cm d–1.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. (a) Log-log relationship of the pore-size distribution index () and computed cumulative Stage II transpiration (CT2) for the 11 textural-class mean soils for various times, t2, ranging from 1 to 7 d for a PET of 0.5 cm d–1; and (b) log-log relationship of the pore-size distribution index () and computed cumulative Stage II transpiration (CT2) for the 11 textural-class mean soils for various times, t2, ranging from 8 to 14 d for a PET of 0.5 cm d–1.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. (a) Log-log plot of simulated (symbols) and scaled (lines) cumulative Stage II transpiration and time for five representative textural-class mean soils for t2 = 1 to 7 d for a PT of 0.5 cm d–1; and (b) log-log plot of simulated (symbols) and scaled (lines) cumulative Stage II transpiration and time for five representative textural-class mean soils for t2 = 8 to 14 d for a PT of 0.5 cm d–1.