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Published online 18 July 2005
Published in Vadose Zone J 4:558-572 (2005)
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.0118
© 2005 Soil Science Society of America
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Inverse Analysis of Upward Water Flow in a Groundwater Table Lysimeter

T. J. Kellenersa,b,c,*, R. W. O. Soppeb,d, J. E. Ayarsb, J. Simuneka,e and T. H. Skaggsa

a USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Lab., 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507
b USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Lab., 9611 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648
c Presently at Dep. of Plants, Soils, and Biometeorology, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322
d Alterra-ILRI, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
e Presently at Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521



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Fig. 1. Simulated volumetric water content for the 100-d fallow period with hypothetical soil hydraulic properties. The numbers in the figure refer to the depth below the soil surface.

 


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Fig. 2. Sensitivity of the pressure head in the hypothetical soil to a 1% change in the soil hydraulic parameters in the van Genuchten–Mualem model at depths of 5, 15, and 35 cm below the soil surface.

 


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Fig. 3. Sensitivity of the cumulative upward bottom flux in the hypothetical soil to a 1% change in the soil hydraulic parameters in the van Genuchten–Mualem model.

 


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Fig. 4. Contour lines of the objective function {Phi} for the parameter combinations {alpha}n, {alpha}Ks, and nKs using either {theta}(z,t), h(z,t), or Q(t) data in the objective function.

 


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Fig. 5. Contour lines of the objective function {Phi} for nine parameter combinations using {theta}(z,t) data in the objective function.

 


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Fig. 6. Contour lines of the objective function {Phi} for the parameter combinations {alpha}n, {alpha}Ks, and nKs using {theta}(z,t) and Q(t) data in the objective function.

 


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Fig. 7. Optimized (a) soil water retention and (b) hydraulic conductivity functions for the groundwater table lysimeter for Locations 1 and 2 compared with the Rosetta predicted soil hydraulic functions for a silty clay soil.

 


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Fig. 8. Measured (symbols) and calculated (lines) volumetric water content for the 79-d fallow period in the groundwater table lysimeter for (a) Location 1 and (b) Location 2. The numbers in the figures refer to the depth below the soil surface of the center of the sensors.

 


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Fig. 9. Initial and final measured (symbols) and calculated (lines) volumetric water content with depth for the 79-d fallow period in the groundwater lysimeter for (a) Location 1 and (b) Location 2.

 





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