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Water and Solute Transport in a Cultivated Silt Loam Soil

1. Field Observations

Y. Coquet^a,*, C. Coutadeur^a, C. Labat^a, P. Vachier^a, M. Th. van Genuchten^c, J. Roger-Estrade^b and J. imnek^d

^a UMR INRA/INAPG Environment and Arable Crops, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, B.P. 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
^b UMR INRA/INAPG Agronomy, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, B.P. 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
^c USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr. Salinity Lab., 450 West Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92507
^d Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (105K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Soil profiles showing the partitioning of the tilled layer. Compacted soil is delineated by solid white lines. Boundaries between the seedbed and the plow layer are indicated by a solid black line. Accumulations of organic matter residues are surrounded by dotted white lines. (A) Soil profile that was sampled for bromide. (B) Soil profile where time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes and tensiometers were installed. Note that the bending of the pictures is due to uncorrected parallax effects and not to actual topography.

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Locations of time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes (large circles) and tensiometers (small squares) within the soil profile. The enlarged pictures show the position of the TDR probes and tensiometers in relation to the structure of the plow layer. Solid white lines delineate compacted soil as well as the boundary between the seedbed and the plow layer. Accumulations of organic matter residues are delineated by dotted white lines. (b) Locations of the samples taken from the soil for bromide measurements.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Vertical cross-section showing the installation of the time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes and tensiometers. The cross-section is perpendicular to the main direction of the installation trench and parallel to the moving direction of the farm machinery.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe responses to infiltration.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Tensiometer responses to infiltration.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Water redistribution within the soil profile as recorded with time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. Vertical bars mark end of infiltration.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Water redistribution within the soil profile as recorded with tensiometers. Vertical bars mark end of infiltration.

View larger version (62K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Observed bromide concentrations within the soil profile in terms of (a) point values, and (b) an interpolated map of concentrations. Enlargements are shown at the bottom of the figure.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Average bromide concentration profiles (a) under the left wheel track, (b) between the wheel tracks, and (c) under the right wheel track. Fitted analytical solutions of the one dimensional advection–dispersion equation are shown as solid black lines. Fitted values of soil dispersivity () are also indicated.