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Published online 16 August 2005
Published in Vadose Zone J 4:620-636 (2005)
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2004.0172
© 2005 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Conceptual Models of Vadose Zone Flow and Transport beneath the Pajarito Plateau, Los Alamos, New Mexico

Kay H. Birdsell*, Brent D. Newman, David E. Broxton and Bruce A. Robinson

Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545


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Fig. 1. Site map showing topography, Los Alamos National Laboratory boundary, and locations of cross sections, canyons, mesas, and other example sites discussed in text.

 


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Fig. 2. Cross sections on the Pajarito Plateau, (a) A–A' on the western end, (b) B–B' on the eastern end, as indicated in Fig. 1.

 


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Fig. 3. Photograph of Cañon de Valle, a wet canyon on the western edge of the plateau.

 


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Fig. 4. Time-varying percolation rate at the alluvium–tuff interface, estimated for Mortandad Canyon near Well R-15 (Hollis et al., 2005).

 


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Fig. 5. Nitrate concentration profiles as a function of elevation in Wells R-15 (Longmire et al., 2001) and MCOBT-8.5 (Broxton et al., 2002b) and for a one-dimensional simulation (Hollis et al., 2005).

 


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Fig. 6. Photograph of a dry canyon, lower Sandia Canyon.

 


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Fig. 7. Pore water chloride and volumetric water content profiles in Potrillo Canyon for Borehole PC-4 (Newman, 2002, unpublished data). Stratigraphic contacts are also shown (Qbt-1g is the Tshierege 1g unit, Tsk is the Tsankawi Pumice Bed, and Qbo is the Otowi Member of the Bandelier Tuff).

 


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Fig. 8. Photo of a dry mesa located north of Cañada del Buey, on the eastern side of the Laboratory.

 


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Fig. 9. Water content and chloride profiles from MDA G (Newman, 1996).

 


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Fig. 10. Changes in volumetric water content in borehole 1121 as a result of episodic ponding (Newell, 1996 and 2000, unpublished data). Ponding occurred from focused runoff from an asphalted area.

 


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Fig. 11. Volumetric Water Content in four boreholes for background conditions at TA-49 near MDA AB (Levitt et al., 2005).

 


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Fig. 12. Volumetric water content for disturbed conditions at TA-49, MDA AB. Data are for two boreholes beneath an asphalt area (Farley, 1994, unpublished data). Simulation results are for transient simulations with increased deep percolation during asphalt lifetime (Birdsell et al., 1999).

 


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Fig. 13. Photograph of mountain-front mesa at TA-16.

 


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Fig. 14. Box and whisker plot comparing canyon and mesa volumetric water contents.

 


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Fig. 15. Box and whisker plot comparing canyon and mesa pore water chloride concentrations.

 





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