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A Vadose Zone Flow and Transport Model for Los Alamos Canyon, Los Alamos, New Mexico

^a Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545
^b Daniel B. Stephens, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87109

View larger version (103K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (left) Location of Los Alamos, NM and (right) the Los Alamos Canyon study area and the flow and transport model domain. The shaded blue area is the LANL property, the red box indicates the areal extent of the three-dimensional model domain, and the yellow line is the trace of the two-dimensional model domain.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cross section of stratigraphy in the vicinity of Los Alamos Canyon. Also shown is the infiltration map used along the canyon bottom (derived from water budget study of Gray, 1997).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Three-dimensional depiction of the stratigraphic framework model used to construct the flow and transport model for Los Alamos Canyon. Important wells and the site of a nuclear reactor are also shown.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Three-dimensional model grid. (a) Plan view showing the areas of enhanced grid resolution along Los Alamos and DP Canyons; (b) three-dimensional view of the numerical grid.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Three-dimensional flow model results, showing fluid saturation predictions through the model domain. (a) Full model view and (b) fence diagram showing one north–south and three east–west cross sections.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Comparison of data and three-dimensional model predictions for water contents in Well LADP-3: (left) stratigraphy, (right) data–model comparison.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Comparison of data and three-dimensional model predictions for water contents in Well LAOI(A)-1.1: (left) stratigraphy, (right) data–model comparison.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Comparison of data and three-dimensional model predictions for water contents in Well LADP-4: (left) stratigraphy, (right) data–model comparison.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Comparison of data and three-dimensional model predictions for water contents in Well R-9: (left) stratigraphy, (right) data–model comparison for different values of the permeability of the Puye Formation.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Two-dimensional model predictions for the water content in response to a single 1-wk episode of enhanced infiltration: (left) Well LADP-3, (right) Well LAOI(A)-1.1.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Two-dimensional model predictions for the water content at Well LADP-3 in response to a prolonged period of enhanced infiltration. Infiltration is increased by a factor of five starting at time 0.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Concentration and time history for tritium in alluvial Well LAO-3, located downstream of tritium release sources. Values less than about 1000 pCi L–1 are below the analytical detection limit for these data.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Two-dimensional model predictions of the tritium concentration of fluid in the vadose zone at various times. Concentration units are log10 of concentration in picocuries per liter. (a) 1 Jan. 1963 (presumed to be background, before significant releases); (b) 8 July 1973; (c) 20 July 1986; (d) 1 Aug. 1999.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. Three-dimensional model predictions of the tritium concentration of fluid reaching the water table in 1999. Significant, above background concentrations are predicted along the canyon at locations downstream of where the Bandelier Tuff is not present in the canyon bottom.