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Assessing Contaminant Transport Vulnerability in Complex Topography Using a Distributed Hydrologic Model

^a Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616 and Sierra Science, Three Rivers, CA 93271 (Present address)
^b Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Mail Stop J495, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 and School of Natural Resources, Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0043 (Present address)

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Hydrological flows simulated by SPLASH.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Color contour (40-m interval beginning at 1900 m) map of simulated area (5.5 km east–west by 3.6 km north–south) encompassing North Ancho watershed; potential contaminant release sites (PRSs) are shown as solid red polygons bordered by black line. (b) Shaded digital elevation model showing topography of simulated area (elevation range from 1907 to 2190 m), viewed from south-southeast; the North Ancho watershed is the set of drainages running diagonally through the area.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Cumulative precipitation curve for 100-year event used in SPLASH simulations.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Histogram (log-log) of total surface flow for each cell for the entire area simulated. Histogram bins are 1 m3.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) The effect of topography on surface runoff depth. (b) The effect of soil depth on surface runoff depth.

View larger version (98K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (a) Normalized total surface flow amounts. The amount of flow passing through a cell is indexed as black < light blue < dark blue < pink, with pink being greatest. The values (0–100) are scaled relative to minimum and maximum flow calculated. The potential release sites (PRSs) are shown in yellow beneath the flow values; if there is no color on top of a yellow PRS, it indicates that no flow was generated at that cell. (b) Normalized total subsurface lateral flow amounts. The amount of subsurface lateral flow passing through a cell is indexed as black < light blue < dark blue < pink, with pink being greatest. The values (0–100) are scaled relative to minimum and maximum subsurface lateral flow calculated.