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Plant-Based Plume-Scale Mapping of Tritium Contamination in Desert Soils

^a U.S. Geological Survey, 333 West Nye Lane, Suite 203, Carson City, NV 89706
^b U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plant sample locations and contours of measured plant-water tritium concentrations.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Sample (symbols) and model (solid line) semivariograms for plant-water tritium concentrations. Nugget variance (Cn), sill variance (Cn + C0), and effective range (re) associated with the Gaussian-model semivariogram (Eq. [1]) also are shown.

View larger version (93K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Maps of (a) kriged plant-water tritium concentrations and (b) associated kriging standard errors.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relation between tritium concentrations in (a) plant water and root-zone soil water vapor and (b) plant water and sub-root-zone soil water vapor. The 95% confidence limits for each regression line are indicated by dashed lines.

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Maps of soil-water-vapor tritium concentrations in the (a) root zone and (b) sub-root zone. Maps were based on combining kriged plant-water concentrations shown in Fig. 3a with the appropriate regression equation given in Fig. 4.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Measured tritium concentrations on a north-south transect that started at the perimeter of the low-level radioactive waste area and passed through the southern hot spot shown in Fig. 1 (easting 527335 m), along with background data collected about 3000 m south of the waste-disposal facility. No plants were present at the 0-m distance location.