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Soil Water Extraction with a Suction Cup

Results of Numerical Simulations

Agrosphere Institute, ICG IV, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cross-section of the flow domain with a suction cup with graphical definitions of the suction cup extraction domain (SCED) and suction cup sampling area (SCSA).

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Hydraulic properties of the soils and suction cup: (a) water retention function and (b) hydraulic conductivity function.

View larger version (121K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Random heterogeneous (Miller-Miller-similar) field generation of the scaling factor with standard deviation of 0.25 and a correlation length, f, of 10 cm.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Suction cup activity domain (SCAD) on a horizontal transect through the suction cup plotted as matric potential differences for all applied suctions. Upper boundary constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1: (a) clay loam, (b) sandy clay, and (c) sand. Note that the ordinate has been split to visualize small differences in the periphery of the cup.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Suction cup activity domain (SCAD) on a horizontal transect through the suction cup plotted as matric potential differences for all applied suctions in a heterogeneous Miller-Miller-similar medium . Upper boundary constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1: (a) clay loam, (b) sandy clay, and (c) sand. Note that the ordinate has been split to visualize small differences in the periphery of the cup.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Suction cup sampling area (SCSA) (2r) for stationary conditions for a clay loam, sandy clay, and sandy soil for all applied suctions: (a) for a homogeneous medium and a constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1, and a constant flux Jw = 0.051 cm h–1, and (b) a heterogeneous Miller-Miller medium ( = 10 cm and 2f = 0.0625) and a constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Flow net of the streamlines for a suction cup with dividing stream line q = 1.0 for an applied suction of 100 cm for (a) clay loam, (b) sandy clay, and (c) sand soil. All calculations were done using Eq. [13] after Warrick and Amoozegar-Fard (1977) with = 0.0236 (cm–1), q = 2914 (cm–3 h–1), 1 = –31.2 (cm), and Ks = 0.26 (cm h–1) for the clay loam, = 0.0279 (cm–1), q = 2834 (cm–3 h–1), 1 = –7.2 (cm), and Ks = 0.12 (cm h–1) for the sandy clay, and = 0.0978 (cm–1), q = 2734 (cm–3 h–1), 1 = –20.5 (cm), and Ks = 29.7 (cm h–1) for the sand soil.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Normalized matric flux potential (NMFP) for two infiltration rates Jw = 0.013 cm h–1, and 0.051 cm h–1 in correlation with the SCSA for a clay loam, sandy clay, and sand soil. NMFP calculated using Eq. [4].

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Travel time for all particles trapped either in the suction cup or at the lower boundary for a simulation in a clay loam with constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1 (a) for no applied suction in the cup, and (b) an applied suction of 100 cm in the cup.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Travel time for all particles trapped in the suction cup for a simulation in a clay loam with constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1 and applied suction of 50, 100, 300, 600, and 1000 cm in the cup.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Suction cup activity domain (SCAD) (background) and suction cup extraction domain (SCED) (black contour) for a clay loam with constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1 and an applied suction of 100 cm for a travel time of (a) 100, (b) 500, (c) 1000, and (d) 2000 h.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Suction cup activity domain (SCAD) (background) and suction cup extraction domain (SCED) (black contour) for a clay loam with constant flux Jw = 0.013 cm h–1 and an applied suction of 1000 cm for a travel time of (a) 100, (b) 500, (c) 1000, and (d) 2000 h.