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Modeling Variably Saturated Water Flow and Multicomponent Reactive Transport in Constructed Wetlands

Günter Langergraber^a,* and Jirka imnek^b

^a Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, BOKU Univ. of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
^b Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of the pilot-scale subsurface constructed wetlands (values are in centimeters).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Measured and simulated cumulated effluent for a single application of 10 L (four loadings per day; daily hydraulic load of 40 L).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Measured and simulated effluent rates for a single application of 10 L (four loadings per day; daily hydraulic load of 40 L).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Measured and simulated effluent rates (left) and cumulated effluent (right) for a single feeding of 10 L (four loadings per day, daily hydraulic load of 40 L).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Measured and simulated effluent electrical conductivities for different daily hydraulic loads.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Pressure head h (left) and dissolved oxygen (DO) (right).

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Simulated time series (left) and vertical profile (right) of heterotrophic organisms XH.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Simulated time series for NH4+–N (left) and NO3––N (right).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Vertical profiles of NH4+–N (left) and NO3––N (right) at t = 1 min (end of loading), 6 min, 30 min, and 2 h.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Schematic of the two-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands (distances are in centimeters).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Simulated steady state distribution of heterotrophic organisms XH.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Calculated steady state distribution of Nitrosomonas XANs.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Simulated time series of dissolved oxygen (DO).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. Simulated time series of NH4+–N (left) and NO3––N (right).

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 15. Simulated and measured concentrations of NH4+–N and NO3––N in a cross section of the downflow chamber.