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Published online 16 December 2005
Published in Vadose Zone J 5:14-26 (2005)
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2005.0003
© 2005 Soil Science Society of America
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Modeling Two-Dimensional Water Flow and Bromide Transport in a Heterogeneous Lignitic Mine Soil

Uwe Buczkoa,* and Horst H. Gerkeb

a Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, Brandenburg Univ. of Technology, P.O. Box 101344, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
b Institute of Soil Landscape Research, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Strasse 84, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany



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Fig. 1. Sketch of simulated 2D vertical cross section with numbers of the structural units. Width: 450 cm. Height: 110 cm. Dotted vertical lines denote the boundaries of the excavated cross section.

 


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Fig. 2. Root density distributions (dimensionless) used in the simulated scenarios. For the standard scenario (top), a horizontally homogeneous distribution is linearly decreasing from the soil surface toward 40-cm depth. The scenario with wedge-shaped insertions of roots between the inclined spoil layer structures (middle) has additionally narrow seams of roots parallel to the spoil layers down to 90-cm soil depth. The root distribution scenario at the bottom uses measured root density data.

 


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Fig. 3. Two-dimensional-distribution of Ks for the standard scenario (C, top), for one realization of the geostatistical simulation scenario (B, middle), and for the small-scale variability scenario (D, bottom).

 


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Fig. 4. Spatially-averaged daily values of measured water fluxes at the soil surface (infiltration–left axis) and at the 110-cm soil depth (drainage–right axis) for the period from 1 Nov. 2000 to 21 Sept. 2001.

 


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Fig. 5. Spatially-averaged daily values of simulated fluxes at 110-cm soil depth for the period from 1 Nov. 2000 to 21 Sept. 2001. (Scenarios with different distributions of soil hydraulic properties, horizontally homogeneous root distribution.)

 


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Fig. 6. Spatial variability in simulated and measured cumulative water fluxes at the 110-cm soil depth (Scenarios with different distributions of soil hydraulic properties). Dashed vertical lines denote the boundaries of the suction cells.

 


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Fig. 7. Spatial variability in simulated and measured cumulative water fluxes at the 110-cm soil depth (Different realizations of the small-scale variability scenario (D)). Dashed vertical lines denote the boundaries of the suction cells.

 


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Fig. 8. Cumulative fraction of total water fluxes as a function of the cumulative cross sectional area fraction (Scenarios with different distributions of soil hydraulic properties).

 


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Fig. 9. Measured two-dimensional residual bromide concentration distributions (ppm) after the end of the experiment for the middle vertical soil slice (Y3) (Wecker, 2005). The values refer to the soil bulk dry mass.

 


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Fig. 10. Simulated two-dimensional bromide concentration (kg m–3) distributions at the end of the simulated period (Scenarios with different spatial distributions of hydraulic parameters). A (= homogeneous, top left), B (top right), C (bottom left), D (bottom right).

 


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Fig. 11. Simulated two-dimensional bromide concentration (kg m–3) distributions at the end of the simulated period. Effect of root distribution (left: Horizontally homogeneous; right: Measured root distribution).

 


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Fig. 12. Horizontally averaged measured bromide contents (ppm) for different vertical soil cross sections (Y2, Y3, and Y4).

 


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Fig. 13. Horizontally averaged simulated concentrations at the end of the simulated period (Scenarios with different distributions of soil hydraulic parameters).

 





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