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Vadose Zone Flow and Transport of Dissolved Organic Carbon at Multiple Scales in Humid Regimes

^a Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038
^b Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996-1605
^c USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Lab, 598 McElroy Dr., Oxford MS 38655

View larger version (69K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of the West Fork portion of the Walker Branch Watershed showing the Subsurface Transport Facility (subweir on far left), collection points of ephemeral and perennial stream discharge (from Mulholland et al., 1990), and location of watershed in Tennessee.

View larger version (56K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Pictorial and schematic views of the pedon at the Subsurface Transport Facility. The schematic shows the location of solution samplers and tensiometers with depth and an example of a typical solution sampler instrumented laterally into the pedon.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Pictorial and schematic view of the Subsurface Transport Facility showing (a) birdseye view of the subwatershed, (b) schematic of the subsurface pans and weirs, and (c) an individual entering the weir from the ground surface.

View larger version (76K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Pictorial and schematic view of the Subsurface Transport Facility showing (a) excavation of the draw region before pan installation, (b) schematic of the subsurface pans and weirs, and (c) an individual next to the underground pans.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Equilibrium sorption isotherms for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption on various soils from the Walker Branch Watershed at constant pH, ionic strength of 0.01 M NaCl, and 298 K. W3B22t through W6B represent B horizon soils of increasing depth within the Walker Branch Watershed.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Observed and model fitted equilibrium dissolved organic carbon (DOC) adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir equation. Model fitted parameter St is the maximum DOC sorbed by the soil with its corresponding 95% confidence interval.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Maximum dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sorbed (St) by a variety of Walker Branch subsoils as a function of clay percentage.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Maximum dissolved organic carbon (DOC) sorbed (St) by a variety of soils on the Oak Ridge Reservation and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina as a function of Fe oxide content.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Observed NO3–, NH4+, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) effluent concentrations at the (a) 55-cm and (b) 85-cm depth locations in the pedon (from Jardine et al., 1989b).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Concentration of solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in large and small pores at the 25-cm depth in the pedon during a series of storm events. Sampling times are relative to time zero which 1200 h, 14 Jan. 1988 (from Jardine et al. 1990a).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Percentage of total hydrophobic organic solutes (Thb) and hydrophobic acid organic solutes (HbA) in solution as a function of depth for solution samplers in the pedon and on the subwatershed for a series of storm events during January 1989 to March 1989.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SO4–2 as a function of flow from the subsurface weir for (a) a small storm event in March of 1989 and (b) a large storm event in January of 1989. Relative time is used on the x axis to normalize and compare the two storm events.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SO4–2 as a function of flow from (a) the subsurface weir (same as Fig. 12a), (b) the ephemeral stream collector WB 360, and (c) the perennial stream collector WBO during a small rain event in March of 1989. See Fig. 1 for locations.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SO4–2 as a function of flow from the subsurface weir ephemeral stream collector WB 440 during a (a) small storm event in March 1989, and (b) a large storm event in January of 1989. See Fig. 1 for locations.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 15. Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SO4–2 as a function of flow from (a) the subsurface weir (same as Fig. 12b), (b) the ephemeral stream collector WB 360, and (c) the perennial stream collector WBO during a large rain event in January of 1989. See Fig. 1 for locations.