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Spatial Association among Soil Hydraulic Properties, Soil Texture, and Geoelectrical Resistivity

^a Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312
^b Institut für Bodenlandschaftsforschung, ZALF, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany

View larger version (142K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Aerial photograph of the transect and nests within the investigation site. The contour lines denote elevation isolines. The river Peege leads from southwest to northeast and is surrounded by a lowland with peaty soils. The dark area in the western part is a forest area.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic of the Half-Wenner Array for the measurement of geoelectrical resistivity.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Spatial process of (Eq. [1]) and sand content at the 0- to 20-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for were taken at the 7- to 13-cm depth.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Spatial process of geoelectrical resistivity el and clay content at the 0- to 20-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Spatial process of hydraulic conductivity at h = –50 cm (K50) and sand content at the 20- to 40-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for K50 were taken at the 27- to 33-cm depth.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Spatial process of geoelectrical resistivity el and n (Eq. [1]) at the 20- to 40-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for n were taken at the 27- to 33-cm depth.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Spatial process of hydraulic conductivity at h = –50 cm (K50) and spring field water content GWCf at the 40- to 60-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for K50 were taken at the 47- to 53-cm depth.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Spatial process of geoelectrical resistivity el and (Eq. [1]) at the 60- to 80-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for were taken at the 77- to 83-cm depth.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Spatial process of geoelectrical resistivity el and clay content at the 80- to 100-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Semivariograms and cross variograms for selected variables at various soil depths within the four nests of the experimental site. Respective semivariance units are original units squared, and cross-variance units are the product of original units of both variables involved.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Autoregressive state-space (95% confidence intervals), neural network (ANN), and pedotransfer (CPTF) estimation of at the 0- to 20-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for were taken at the 7- to 13-cm depth.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Autoregressive state-space (95% confidence intervals), neural network (ANN) and pedotransfer (CPTF) estimation of n (Eq. [1]) at the 20- to 40-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for n were taken at the 27- to 33-cm depth.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Autoregressive state-space (95% confidence intervals), neural network (ANN), and pedotransfer (CPTF) estimation of hydraulic conductivity at h = –50 cm (K50) at the 20- to 40-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for K50 were taken at the 27- to 33-cm depth.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. Autoregressive state-space (95% confidence intervals), neural network (ANN), and pedotransfer (CPTF) estimation of hydraulic conductivity at h = –50 cm (K50) at the 40- to 60-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for K50 were taken at the 47- to 53-cm depth.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 15. Autoregressive state-space (95% confidence intervals), neural network (ANN), and pedotransfer (CPTF) estimation of (Eq. [1]) at the 60- to 80-cm depth increment within the four nests of the experimental site. Soil physical measurements yielding values for were taken at the 67- to 73-cm depth.