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Saturated and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivities and Water Retention Characteristics of Weathered Granitic Bedrock

Lab. of Erosion Control, Dep. of Forest Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Topography of the Akakabe catchment (right). The bedrock sampling point and locations of hydrological observations are also shown. The map of the Akakabe catchment has a contour interval of 1 m. A and B in the map correspond to those in Fig. 2.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Longitudinal section of the hillslope plot and the results of the cone penetration tests. A and B correspond to those in Fig. 1.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Change of the Nc value with depth at the bedrock sampling point (left), corresponding to the photograph around the soil–bedrock interface (right).

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Photographs of bedrock Samples A, B, and C. Silicone rubber filled the space between each sample and the surrounding cylinder walls.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Water retention curves of pure quartz sand.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Equipment for the multistep outflow experiment.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between the total rainfall and the total storm runoff from the hillslope plot.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Temporal variations in volumetric water content for (a) the largest rainfall event and (b) a small rainfall event.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Results of the constant-head tests for measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivities of Samples A and B.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Result of the falling-head test for measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivity of Sample C. Water level curves generated by various Ks values are also shown.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Water retention curves of Sample A (measured and estimated), soils (15 and 30 cm), and weathered granite measured by Jones and Graham (1993; their WC5 and WC6).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Observed cumulative outflow and that calculated by optimization during the multistep outflow experiment.

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 13. Contour lines of RSS comparing the observed vs. computed cumulative outflow for the multistep outflow experiment. Pluses indicate the optimized parameter values.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 14. Hydraulic conductivity curves of Sample A (estimated) and the soils collected in (a) the Kiryu experimental basin and (b) the Aichi experiment forest.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 15. Relationship between the Ks value and the porosity of weathered granitic bedrock measured in various sites (Johnson-Maynard et al., 1994; Graham et al., 1997; Frazier et al., 2002). Measured in the laboratory. Measured in situ. Final infiltration rate is regarded as the Ks value. ¶ s substituted for the porosity.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 16. Relationship between the maximum 1-h rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall before the plot runoff was observed.