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Solute Transport Measurement Under Transient Field Conditions Using Time Domain Reflectometry

^a Iwate Univ., Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; present address, School of Agriculture, Meiji Univ., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
^b Third Floor University Hall, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2J9
^c Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada N0R 1G0

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Temporal changes in (A) daily precipitation, (B) volumetric soil water content measured with vertically installed 0.2 m-long TDR probes, and (C) average soil temperature between 0.05 and 0.3m deep. Bars in (B) indicate ± one standard deviation with n = 16.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. An example of comparing TDR-measured water content at the control and KCl-applied plots. Dotted lines represent the boundaries of ±90% confidence interval.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. An example of relationship between bulk dielectric constant, b, and reciprocal impedance, R–1, before KCl solution application in the control and KCl-applied plots with and without a temperature correction factor.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. An example of the relationship between bulk dielectric constant, b, and the product of water content and reciprocal impedance difference, (R–1 – R0–1), to estimate 0. Data used were taken before the solute mass was assumed not to start leaching from the TDR probe length.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Temporal changes in relative solute mass along L = 0.2 m TDR probes (A) with a temperature correction factor and (B) without a temperature correction factor. Bars indicate ± one standard deviation with n = 8. A KCl solution was applied on Day of Year 115.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Breakthrough curves estimated as derivatives of the convective–dispersive transport (CDE) and convective lognormal transport (CLT) models fitted to the TDR-measured data with and without a temperature correction factor.