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Effects of Manure Application and Plowing on Transport of Colloids and Phosphorus to Tile Drains

Dep. of Agroecology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark

View larger version (56K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. One of the two Røgen field plots: (left) slurry has been applied in strings; (right) irrigation is in progress. Note that the fertilized plot below the irrigation system is greener than the surrounding unfertilized grass.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Precipitation (bars), air temperature (thin line), and soil temperature at the 10-cm depth (bold line) during the experimental year 2001–2002. Arrows indicate the timing of irrigation, S and H indicate slurry and herbicide applications, and P indicates plowing.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Observed flow rates (solid line), particle concentration (closed symbols), and electrical conductivity (open symbols) of the effluent in four irrigation experiments. Plot 1 is shown on the left and Plot 2 is on the right. Irrigation started at time = 0; the time when irrigation was halted is indicated by arrows.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Particle concentration in drain water as a function of time since start of irrigation, before plowing (circles) and after plowing (triangles). Closed symbols are Plot 1; open symbols are Plot 2.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Observed fractions of P forms in drain water sampled below Plot 1 (left) and Plot 2 (right) at the irrigation events BG (April 2001), SL1+ (May 2001), H+ (Nov. 2001), and PL– (March 2002). Patterned fractions are particulate P and fractions of uniform color are dissolved P. Green is organic P, and light blue is inorganic P.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Particulate P concentration versus particle concentration in the effluent at single storm events. (a) Data from this study and (b) regressions from this study with additional data: Silstrup and Estrup from Kjaergaard and de Jonge (2005), Røgen_field from de Jonge et al. (2004a), and regression from Laubel et al. (1999). Regression to BG (2): y = 0.0032x, R2 = 0.93, n = 60; regression to SL1+ (1): y = 0.0058x, R2 = 0.97, n = 19.