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Published online 8 March 2006
Published in Vadose Zone J 5:459-468 (2006)
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2005.0053
© 2006 Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Water Content Reflectometer Application to Construction Materials and its Relation to Time Domain Reflectometry

Klas Hanssona and Lars-Christer Lundinb,*

a Dep. of Land and Water Resources Eng., Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
b Air and Water Science, Dep. of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Univ., Uppsala, Sweden

Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. The respective maximum and minimum particle-size distributions of Materials A and B.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. The acrylic container and balance used to evaluate the calibration equations. The two-rod water content reflectometry sensor is inserted through holes in the side of the container.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. The relationship between dielectric number and the square wave period.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. The absolute value of the electric field intensity around the two-rod probe when the water depth in the container was 1.5 cm (left), and 3.5 cm (right). The water level is indicated by a black horizontal line.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Modeled and measured apparent dielectric number in an open container with a rising water level. The sensor center is located 2.5 cm above the bottom of the tank where the sharp increase in dielectric number occurs.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Measured volumetric water content as a function of dielectric number, and calibration curves for Material A (see Table 3 for references).

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Measured volumetric water content as a function of dielectric number, and calibration curves for Material B (see Table 3 for references).

 

Figure 8
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  		Fig. 8. The measured average volumetric water content vs. the wave period, as well as the simulated response of the same system for different hydraulic properties (see Table 2).

 

Figure 9
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  		Fig. 9. The water content distribution in a sand (left) and a coarse material (right) for variable mass of water in the container. The black horizontal line indicates the vertical position of the water content reflectometry probe in the container.

 




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