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Published online 26 May 2006
Published in Vadose Zone J 5:657-672 (2006)
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2005.0071
© 2006 Soil Science Society of America
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Right arrow Heat Transport
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Right arrow Fractured Rock

The Impact of Fracture–Matrix Interaction on Thermal–Hydrological Conditions in Heated Fractured Rock

Jens T. Birkholzer* and Yingqi Zhang

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., 1 Cyclotron Rd., MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720

Figure 1
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Fig. 1. Schematic of expected thermal–hydrological conditions near emplacement drift at Yucca Mountain (not to scale).

 

Figure 2
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Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of channelized flow in a fracture–matrix system.

 

Figure 3
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Fig. 3. Schematic of (a) Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses heater experiment and (b) simulation domain with finite volume grid. The simulation domain—reduced to one-quarter of the laboratory test cell—is rotated around the z-axis to allow for better visualization. The local coordinate system of the simulation domain is located at the top of the test cell in the center of the liquid-release cylinder. The y-axis is aligned with the drift axis.

 

Figure 4
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Fig. 4. Temperature contours after 5 d of heating, just before the onset of water release. Black contour line shows 100°C isotherm.

 

Figure 5
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Fig. 5. (a) Temperature and (b) saturation evolution just above the crown of the drift in the center of the test cell (x = 0 m, y = 0 m); (c) gives the evolution of the distance of the boiling isotherm above the drift crown, measured in the center of the test cell (x = 0 m, y = 0 m). The time axis scale is identical in all three graphs; M = matrix, F = fracture.

 

Figure 6
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Fig. 6. Fracture saturation contours after 10, 50, and 130 d of heating for simulation runs (a) Case A, (b) Case 1a, and (c) Case 1b. Black contour line shows 100°C isotherm.

 

Figure 7
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Fig. 7. Fracture–matrix interface reduction factor given as a function of saturation. For cases using the active fracture model, the saturation of active fractures, SLe,a, is shown.

 





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