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Scaling Approach to Deduce Field Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties and Behavior from Laboratory Measurements on Small Cores

^a Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry systems (ISAFOM), National Research Council (CNR), Ercolano (NA), Italy
^b Department for Agro-Forestry Systems Management (DITEC), University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^c Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy (DIAAT), University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (NA), Italy

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig.1. Schematic of the scaling procedure: (A) laboratory (dashed line) and field (solid line) measured water retention curves, (B) effective saturation (Se) of the measured laboratory curve; (C) laboratory-measured (dashed line) and field-scaled (bold solid line) probability density functions (PDFs), (D) laboratory- (dashed line) and field-measured (solid line) water retention curves, and field-scaled retention curve (bold solid line). The critical pressure head, hc, is the value on the laboratory curves corresponding to F0.

View larger version (69K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic of instantaneous profile method for the (a) infiltration and (b) redistribution stages.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Soil water retention curves of the Ap horizons. Triangles and circles refer to laboratory and field experimental data, respectively; lines are for relevant curve-fittings by Eq. [1].

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Hydraulic conductivity curves of the Ap horizons. Triangles and circles refer to laboratory and field experimental data, respectively; dashed lines refer to the application of Mualem's model (Eq. [2]) to laboratory water retention data.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Field soil water retention curves of the Ap horizons. Solid lines and circles refer to scaled and measured field water retention curve, respectively. Dashed lines refer to the application of the unit-gradient method.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Field hydraulic conductivity curves of the Ap horizons. Circles refer to field measured data. Solid (FHCs(1)) and dashed (FHCs(2)) lines refer to the scaling method with kr() determined from measured and scaled water retention curves, respectively. Dotted lines refer to the application of the unit-gradient method.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relative Root Square Mean Error (RRMSE) indexes for water retention and hydraulic conductivity.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Trends of F/L ratio as related to the F0/L0 ratio for different values of shape parameters L and n and for a starting value of L0 = 0.5 (Plots a, b, c). Plot d is the same as Plot b with Fn = Ln x 1.1.