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Quantifying the Pore Size Spectrum of Macropore-Type Preferential Pathways under Transient Flow

^a Dep. Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1299
^b Dep. Agronomy, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
^c Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
^d Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab., USDA-ARS, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
^e Dep. Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
^f National Soil Tilth Lab., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Normalized tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns. The open symbols were measured values from Kung et al. (2000a). The solid lines are the best-fitted breakthrough curves based on pore spectra with parameters shown in Table 3.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Normalized tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns. The open symbols were measured from the second irrigation event. The solid lines are the best-fitted breakthrough curves based on pore spectra with parameters shown in Table 4.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Normalized tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns. The open symbols were measured from the third irrigation event. The solid lines are the best-fitted breakthrough curves based on pore spectra with parameters shown in Table 5.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The portions of normalized tracer mass flux breakthrough patterns that had tail slopes nearly equal to –3 on log-log scale. The suffix of each label indicates irrigation event (e.g., PFBA-1 indicates the tracer breakthrough curve from the first irrigation event).

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Four hypothetical pore spectra to demonstrate how each parameter would alter the shape of a spectrum.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Pore spectra with parameters (Table 3) based on best fit of four sequentially applied tracers mass flux breakthrough patterns from Kung et al. (2000a).

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The regression relationships among the six parameters of pore spectra in Tables 3 through 5. Figure 7A indicates that is linearly related to the time when a tracer was applied. Figures 7B, 7C, and 7D show that the other five parameters are related to . Arrows within Fig. 7B represent data acquired at 4.4 mm h–1 steady-state infiltration (Kung et al., 2005).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Volumetric water flux of pores with spectra shown in Fig. 6.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Pore spectra with parameters (Table 4) based on best fit of four tracers mass flux breakthrough patterns from the second irrigation event. Bromide #1 (broken line) is the pore spectrum of bromide from Fig. 6.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Pore spectra with parameters (Table 5) based on best fit of four tracers mass flux breakthrough patterns from the third irrigation event. Bromide #1 (broken line) is the pore spectrum of bromide from Fig. 6.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Tile flow and concentration breakthrough patterns of four tracers and nitrate from Kung et al. (2000a).