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Review of Dispersivities for Transport Modeling in Soils

Agrosphere ICG-IV, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Number of observations (bars), mean flow rate (blue line), mean transport distance (black line), and mean dispersivity (red line) in the experiment scale classes.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Number of observations (bars), mean flow rate (blue line), and mean dispersivity in the flow boundary condition classes.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Number of observation in different soil texture classes (c: clay, sic: silty clay, sc: sandy clay, cl: clay loam, sicl: silty clay loam, scl: sandy clay loam, sil: silt loam, silg: silt loam gravel, l: loam, sl: sandy loam, ls: loamy sand, s: sand, sg: sandy gravel) and flow boundary condition classes.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of flow rate (Jw) class and scale of the experiment on the dispersivity for the different transport distance (z) classes. The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers above or below the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class. (Data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry).

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of transport distance and scale of the experiment on the dispersivity (). The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers above the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class. (Data from experiments with ponding boundary conditions and from experiments with a flow rate >10 cm d–1 were excluded; data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry.)

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of transport distance and scale of the experiment on the dispersivity: median values of dispersivities () vs. median values of the transport distance in a transport distance class. Lines are best fits of a linear and a power law model.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Dispersivities () in soil cores taken from topsoils and subsoils. The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers above the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Effect of flow rate (Jw) class and texture on the dispersivity (). The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers above or below the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class. (Data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry).

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Effect of transport distance and texture on the dispersivity (). The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers below the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class. (Data from experiments with ponding boundary conditions and from experiments with a flow rate >10 cm d–1 were excluded; data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry.)

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Effect of the scale of the experiment and texture on the dispersivity (). The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median, and the 0 and 90% percentiles correspond with the extremities of the vertical bars. The numbers below the boxes correspond with the number of observations in the class. (Data from experiments with ponding boundary conditions and from experiments with a flow rate >10 cm d–1 were excluded; data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry.)

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Histograms of (a–c) untransformed and (d–f) loge-transformed dispersivities in different transport distance classes: (a) and (d) from 0 to 30 cm, (b) and (e) from 31 to 80 cm, and (c) and (f) from 81 to 200 cm; µ and are the mean and standard deviation of the loge-transformed dispersivities, respectively. (Data from experiments with ponding boundary conditions and from experiments with a flow rate >10 cm d–1 were excluded; data from the same experiment in a travel distance class were averaged and treated as a single entry.)

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Effect of measurement type and transport distance class on the ratio v/vp, which is a measure for preferential solute transport (v/vp > 1) or solute retardation (v/vp < 1), derived from tracer experiments with (a) saturated conditions at the soil surface or a flow rate >10 cm d–1 and (b) unsaturated conditions and a flow rate <10 cm d–1. The boxes span the 25 and 75% percentiles, the thick black line is the median. The numbers correspond with the number of observations in the class.