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Monitoring Surface and Subsurface Water Storage Using Confined Aquifer Water Levels at the Savannah River Site, USA

^a Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152
^b Dep. of Geography, The Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2502

View larger version (53K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Location map showing the Savannah River Site, SC, (top), and FSB-120 well cluster within the General Separations Area (bottom).

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 2. Lithostratigraphic and hydrostratigraphic units at the Savannah River Site, SC.

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 3. Plots of observed cumulative precipitation and cumulative pan evaporation (top), and barometric pressure (bottom) between 29 Oct. 1994 and 14 July 1995 at Well Cluster FSB-120, Savannah River Site, SC.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 4. Plots of observed water levels in FSB-120D (unconfined aquifer) and FSB-120C (semiconfined aquifer) (top), and FSB-120A (confined aquifer) (bottom) between 29 Oct. 1994 and 14 July 1995. Ground surface elevation is 85 m.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 5. Scatter diagrams between barometric pressure changes, B, and FSB-120A water levels, W, (top), and between precipitation plus barometric pressure changes, L, and borehole head changes, H (bottom). Data differences are calculated between successive observations collected at 10-min intervals.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Step loading response function between borehole head changes and precipitation plus barometric pressure changes. Also shown is the slug test response assuming a final barometric efficiency of ß = 0.82. The function reaches a stable value within approximately 30 min, indicating that equilibration between the borehole and the aquifer is rapid but not instantaneous.

View larger version (43K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 7. Influence of theoretical Earth-tide potential (top) and calculated Earth tides (bottom) on water levels.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 8. Cumulative precipitation and water storage estimated using two methods: (a) instantaneous loading response plus theoretical Earth-tide removal, and (b) delayed loading response plus calculated Earth-tide removal (top), and pan evaporation with water exports using the same two methods (bottom).

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 9. Detail of a precipitation event (3–18 June 1995) showing cumulative precipitation and water storage estimated using two methods: (a) instantaneous loading response and theoretical Earth tides, and (b) delayed loading response with synthetic Earth-tide removal (top), and pan evaporation with water exports using the same two methods (bottom).

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 10. Detail of a precipitation event (3–18 June 1995) showing water levels in three hydrogeologic units, FSB-120A (upper plot), FSB-120C (middle plot), and FSB-120D (lower plot). Curves have been offset to allow simultaneous comparison on the same scale.