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Regional Differences in Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater and Stream Discharge in Denmark

^a Geological Institute, Univ. of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
^b Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Map of Denmark showing the study areas Jylland and Sjaelland and the transects AA' and BB'.

View larger version (41K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 2. (Upper) Geology of the Jylland study area along the transect AA' (Fig. 1). (Lower) Geology of the Sjaelland study area along the transect BB' (Fig. 1).

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 3. Annual mean temperature T (°C), annual mean precipitation P (mm), and annual mean reference evapotranspiration ETref (mm) for the model areas Jylland and Sjaelland and the period 1990–2004. These values are annual means of the meteorological input used for the current climate hydrological simulations.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 4. Schematic representation of inflows to a river from the groundwater zone (baseflow, QBF), drains (drain flow, QDF), and flow on the ground surface (overland flow, QOF).

View larger version (48K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 5. Location of discharge stations used for calibration and validation in Jylland and Sjaelland. The two stations marked in red indicate the stations used in the Results section on stream flow.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Average monthly temperature for the current climate and the IPCC A2 and B2 scenarios (2071–2100) for the Jylland and Sjaelland study areas.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 7. Average monthly precipitation for the current climate and the IPCC A2 and B2 scenarios (2071–2100) for the Jylland and Sjaelland study areas.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 8. Average monthly reference evapotranspiration (ETref) for the current climate and the IPCC A2 and B2 scenarios (2071–2100) for the Jylland and Sjaelland study areas.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 9. Average monthly net precipitation from the root zone for the current climate and the IPCC A2 and B2 scenarios (2071–2100) for the Jylland and Sjaelland study areas.

View larger version (64K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 10. Average change in mean annual groundwater head relative to the 1990–2004 period in model layer 1 and 5 of the Jylland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate.

View larger version (79K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 11. Average change in mean annual groundwater head relative to the 1990–2004 period in model layer 3 and 9 of the Sjaelland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate.

View larger version (46K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 12. Average change in groundwater recharge relative to the 1990–2004 period for the Sjaelland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 13. Average monthly stream discharge and the relative change in stream discharge at the station shown in Fig. 5 in the Jylland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate (1990–2004).

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 14. Average monthly discharge and the relative change in discharge of the three flow components, baseflow, drain flow, and overland flow, at the station shown in Fig. 5 in the Jylland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate (1990–2004).

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 15. Average monthly stream discharge and the relative change in stream discharge at the station shown in Fig. 5 in the Sjaelland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate (1990–2004).

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 16. Average monthly discharge and the relative change in discharge of the three flow components baseflow, drain flow, and overland flow at the station shown in Fig. 5 in the Sjaelland model area when comparing the IPCC A2 or B2 scenario (2071–2100) to the current climate (1990–2004).