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Hanford Site Vadose Zone Studies: An Overview

Pacific Northwest National Lab., P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC0576RLO 1830

View larger version (46K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Map of Washington State and location of the Hanford Site.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 2. Schematic diagram of waste discharges to the Hanford Site vadose zone and the Columbia River.

View larger version (122K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 3. Waste trench at the Hanford Site showing exposed clastic dikes (vertical features) in otherwise horizontally layered sediments.

View larger version (133K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 4. Bare surfaces at a Hanford tank farm.

View larger version (41K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 5. Schematic diagram of Hanford Site water balance, including precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, and recharge rates, expressed in mm yr–1, as related to surface conditions ranging from deep-rooted vegetation to bare surfaces.

View larger version (51K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Simulated carbon tetrachloride (CT) vapor plumes emanating from dense nonaqueous phase liquid disposed at the 216-Z-1A tile field and the 216-Z18 crib at Hanford. The "property value" legend reflects gaseous CT concentrations (g L–1) in the vadose zone. The stratigraphic units denote Backfill, Hanford 1a (h1a), Hanford 1 (h1), Hanford 2 (h2), Lower Gravel (low_grvl), Lower Sand (low_sand), Cold Creek silt (pplz), Cold Creek carbonate (pplc), upper Ringold (up_ring), Ringold E (ring_e), Ringold Lower Mud (low_rmud), Ringold A (ring_a), and Basalt.