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Effective Hydraulic Properties Determined from Transient Unsaturated Flow in Anisotropic Soils

Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA 99352

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Schematic of probe installations perpendicular to the line source. Each probe consists of a twin-rod time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe with a 5-cm inter-rod spacing. Probes are spaced 0.5 m apart parallel to the long axis of the trench and 15 m perpendicular to the long axis.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 2. Layout of experimental plot showing locations of vertical time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes and access tubes. The 2-m wide clastic dike is centered approximately 10 m along the transect.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 3. The composite scaled sensitivity (CSS) ratio () of the hydraulic parameters: s, saturated water content; Ksh, horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity; Ksv, vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity; , inverse capillary length; n, van Genuchten shape parameter; Lh, horizontal connectivity.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 4. The spatial variability of the soil hydraulic property of the Army Loop Road site, Hanford. (a) horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksh), (b) vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksv), (c) inverse capillary length (), (d) van Genuchten shape parameter (n), (e) horizontal connectivity (Lh), and (f) saturated water content (s). Symbols: local parameter values; dashed line: geometric mean; solid line: arithmetic mean

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 5. Fractile diagrams for fitted parameters and their log transforms: (a) saturated water content (s), (b) vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksv), (c) horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksh), (d) inverse capillary length (), (e) van Genuchten shape parameter (n); and (f) horizontal connectivity (Lh).

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Semivariograms of hydraulic parameters of the Army Loop Road site at the Hanford Site: (a) horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksh), (b) vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksv), (c) inverse capillary length (), (d) van Genuchten shape parameter (n); (e) saturated water content (s), and (f) horizontal connectivity (Lh).

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 7. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivities at the horizontal and vertical directions of the sandy soil at the Army Loop Road site, Hanford.

View larger version (10K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 8. Saturation-dependent soil anisotropy coefficient of hydraulic conductivity of the sandy soil at the Army Loop Road site, Hanford.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 9. Schematic of the discrepancy of the flow direction (q) and the decreasing hydraulic gradient direction (g) in an anisotropic soil; h = horizontal; v = vertical.