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Modeling Transport of Microbes in Ten Undisturbed Soils under Effluent Irrigation

Liping Pang^a,*, Malcolm McLeod^b, Jacqueline Aislabie^b, Jirka imnek^c, Murray Close^a and Ross Hector^a

^a Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, P.O. Box 29181, Christchurch, New Zealand
^b Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, New Zealand
^c Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92507

View larger version (59K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 1. Concentrations of fecal coliforms, Salmonella bacteriophages, and bromide in the leachate of soil lysimeters (FC = fecal coliforms Pg = bacteriophages). Soils are Manawatu fine sandy loam (MW), Lismore shallow silt loam (LM), Templeton silt loam (TT), Aliamuri pumice soil (AM), Waitarere sandy recent soil (WT), Hamilton clay loam (HT), Netherton clayey soil (NT), Waihou silty allophane soil (WH), Waikiwi silt loam (WK), and Waikoikoi silt loam (WO); 1, 2, and 3 refer to lysimeter numbers. The pore volumes were calculated based on the total porosity of the soils.

View larger version (34K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 2. Comparison of observed and mobile–immobile model (MIM) simulated Br concentrations in the leachate of soil lysimeters. Circles are observed data and solid lines are model-simulated data. Soils are Waikiwi silt loam (WK), Waikoikoi silt loam (WO), Lismore shallow silt loam (LM), Templeton silt loam (TT), Manawatu fine sandy loam (MW), Waihou silty allophane soil (WH), Waitarere sandy recent soil (WT), Aliamuri pumice soil (AM), and Netherton clayey soil (NT); 1, 2, and 3 refer to lysimeter numbers.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 3. Correlations of macroporosity with transport parameters.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   FIG. 4. Comparison of observed and simulated concentrations of fecal coliforms (FC) and Salmonella bacteriophages (pg) in the leachate of soil lysimeters. Empty dots are observed data. The red solid lines are data fitted with the mobile–immobile model. Soils are Lismore shallow silt loam (LM), Templeton silt loam (TT), Manawatu fine sandy loam (MW), Waitarere sandy recent soil (WT), Hamilton clay loam (HT), and Netherton clayey soil (NT); 1, 2, and 3 refer to lysimeter numbers.